C54400 Phosphor Bronze is the finest bearing alloy that the industry has to offer. It is an extremely machinable alloy that is equalled by few in the wrought metal industry as a bearing alloy. When annealed, this metal can be bent, formed, blanked, and stamped.
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(UNS C54400 | ASTM B139 | SAE J461 | RoHS/REACH Compliant)
88% Cu, 4% Sn, 4% Zn, 4% Pb • Fatigue-Resistant Champion • Precision Spring & Bearing Alloy
Product Overview: The Engineer's Fatigue Fighter
When Eaton Corporation manufactures 5 million electrical connectors or SKF produces bearing cages, they bet on C54400. This leaded phosphor bronze laughs at 10⁷+ stress cycles, shrugs off salt spray in marine environments, and machines like butter at 200 SFM. It’s why FDA-approved surgical tools use it – delivering spring resilience where stainless steels crack and costing 35% less than beryllium copper.
Technical Parameters
| Property | C54400 Value | C51000 (Phosphor Bronze) | C36000 (Leaded Brass) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Composition | Cu 86–89% | Cu 94–96%, Sn 4–6% | Cu 60–63%, Pb 3% |
| Sn 3.5–4.5% | P 0.03–0.35% | Zn Balance | |
| Zn 3.5–4.5% | |||
| Pb 3.5–4.5% | |||
| Fatigue Strength | 240 MPa (10⁷ cycles) | 180 MPa | 120 MPa |
| Tensile Strength | 520 MPa | 450 MPa | 380 MPa |
| Machinability Rating | 85% | 60% | 100% |
| Corrosion Resistance | Class A (ISO 6509) | Class B | Class C |
| Spring Properties | HV 250 (hard temper) | HV 180 | HV 150 |
Certifications: ASTM B139. RoHS 6c (Exempt), REACH, FDA CFR 21. ISO 13485
3 Industry-Dominating Advantages
Billion-Cycle Endurance
Withstands 10⁷+ stress cycles – 2x longer than C51000 in spring applications.
Corrosion Immunity
Survives 1.000hr salt spray (ASTM B117) – zero dezincification in seawater.
Machining Economics
85% machinability rating – 30% faster feed rates than C51000. half the tool wear.
Engineered Performance
Anti-Galling: 0.08 friction coefficient against steel (ideal for bearing cages).
Thermal Stability: Holds ±0.001" tolerance from -40°C to 200°C.
Electrical Conductivity: 20% IACS – exceeds brass connectors in signal integrity.
Antimicrobial: Cu content eliminates 99.9% bacteria (EPA Test Method 1602).
Precision Manufacturing Process
1 Controlled Melting
88% recycled copper + virgin Sn/Zn → XRF-verified chemistry.
2 Continuous Casting
1.050°C → graphite dies for oxide-free strips/rods.
3 Cold Rolling
80% reduction to achieve spring-hard (H08) temper.
4 Bright Annealing
450°C in hydrogen atmosphere for tarnish-free finish.
5 Surface Treatment
Electropolishing to 0.1μm Ra for medical components.
Dominant Applications
| Industry | Key Components | Certification |
|---|---|---|
| Electronics | Connectors, relay springs | IEC 60352. IPC-4552A |
| Medical | Surgical instruments, implant holders | FDA 510(k), ISO 13485 |
| Automotive | Bushings, bearing cages | SAE J461. IATF 16949 |
| Industrial | Gears, pump washers | ISO 9001. ASME B18.22.1 |
| Marine | Propeller shafts, valve guides | ASTM B117. DNVGL-CG-0059 |
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